The Sixteenth Dynasty was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled the Theban region in Upper Egypt for c. 70 years, contemporary with the Hyksos' Fifteenth Dynasty.
The Thirteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period.
Vassals of the Hyksos[]
Egyptologists Jürgen von Beckerath and Wolfgang Helck follow Africanus (supported by Syncellus)[1] in his version of Manetho's Aegyptiaca,[2] which considers the rulers of the 16th Dynasty as "vassal kings of the Hyksos".
Name | Dates | Comments |
---|---|---|
Anat-Har | May belong to the early 15th Dynasty, possibly as merely a prince,[4] or might have been a Canaanite chieftain contemporary with the 12th Dynasty.[5] | |
Aper-Anat | May belong to the early 15th Dynasty.[5] | |
Semqen | May belong to the early 15th Dynasty.[5] | |
Sakir-Har | May belong to the early 15th Dynasty.[5] | |
Apepi | May be identical with the Hyksos ruler Apepi.[5] | |
Maaibre Sheshi | May belong to the early 14th Dynasty. | |
Meruserre Yaqub-Har | May belong to the late 14th Dynasty or late 15th Dynasty. | |
Nubuserre Ya'Ammu | ||
Sekhaenre Yakbim | ||
Ammu | ||
Seneferankhre Pepi III | ||
Hepu | ||
Aanati | ||
Bebnum | ||
Nebmaatre | Regarding the prenomen Nebmaatre. May belong to the 17th Dynasty in combination with the nomen Tao. | |
Aahotepre | ||
Aanetjerre | ||
Meribre | ||
Nubankhre | ||
Nikare II | ||
…kare | Three kings, whose name is preserved as "…kare" | |
Sharek | ||
Wazad | May belong to the 14th Dynasty | |
Qar | May belong to the 14th Dynasty | |
Shenes | ||
Inek… | ||
I… | ||
Apepi | ||
Hibe | ||
Aped | ||
Hapi | ||
Shemsu | ||
Meni… | ||
Werqa… |
Theban Kings[]
Alternatively, Danish Egyptologist Kim Ryholt follows the version of Eusebius, which considers the 16th Dynasty as Theban.[2]
Name | Dates | Comments |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1649–1648 BC | Name lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon |
Sekhemre-Sementawy Djehuty | 1648–1645 BC | |
Sekhemre-Seusertawy Sobekhotep VIII | 1645–1629 BC | |
Sekhemre-Seankhtawy Neferhotep III | 1629–1628 BC | |
Seankhenre Mentuhotepi | 1628–1627 BC | |
Sewadjenre Nebiryrau I | 1627–1601 BC | |
Neferkare Nebiryrau II | 1601 BC | |
Semenre | 1601–1600 BC | |
Seuserenre Bebiankh | 1600–1588 BC | |
Sekhemre-Shedwaset | 1588 BC | May be a variation of the throne name Sekhemre-Shedtawy of the 17th Dynasty king Sobekemsaf II.[6] |
Unknown | 1588–1582 BC | Five kings lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon |
Name | Dates | Comments |
---|---|---|
Djedhotepre Dedumose I | May have tried to sue the Hyksos for peace | |
Djedneferre Dedumose II | ||
Djedankhre Mentuemsaf | ||
Merankhre Mentuhotep VI | ||
Seneferibre Senusret IV | Left a colossal statue of himself in Karnak |
References[]
Bibliography[]
- Beckerath, J. von, 1999: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern.
- Bennett, C., 2002: A Genealogical Chronology of the Seventeenth Dynasty. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Vol. 39.
- Bourriau, J., 2003: The Second Intermediate Period. In: Shaw, Ian (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press.
- Cory, I.P., 1876: Cory's Ancient fragments of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and other authors. Reeves & Turner.
- Hammond, N.G.L./Gadd, C.J./Sollberger, E., 1970: History of the Middle East and the Aegean region C. 1800-1380 B.C. Cambridge University Press.
- Ryholt, K., 1997: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 - 1550 BC. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
Preceded by: 13th Dynasty |
Second Intermediate Period 16th Dynasty |
Succeeded by: 17th Dynasty |