The Thirteenth Dynasty (c. 1800–1650 BCE) of ancient Egypt ruled from Itjtawy, between Memphis and the Faiyum Oasis.
The Thirteenth to Seventeenth Dynasties of Egypt are often combined under the group title, Second Intermediate Period.
In later texts, this dynasty is usually described an era of chaos and disorder with a rivalling Fourteenth Dynasty in the Nile Delta. However, the period may have been more peaceful than was once thought. The dynasty was eventually overthrown by the Hyksos.
| Name | Dates | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Sekhemre-Khutawy Sobekhotep I | 1802–1800 BC | First king of the dynasty. |
| Sekhemkare Sonbef | 1800–1796 BC | Perhaps a brother of Sobekhotep I and son of Amenemhat IV |
| Nerikare | 1796 BC | |
| Sekhemkare Amenemhat V | 1796–1793 BC (3-4 years) | |
| Qemau | 1795–1792 BC | |
| Hotepibre Sihornedjheritef | 1792–1790 BC | |
| Iufni | c. 1790–1788 BC | |
| Seankhibre Amenemhat VI | 1788–1785 BC | |
| Semenkare Nebnun | 1785–1783 BC | |
| Sehotepibre | 1783–1781 BC | |
| Sewadjkare I | 1781 BC | |
| Nedjemibre | 1780 BC (7 months) | |
| Khaankhre Sobekhotep II | 1780–1777 BC (3 years) | |
| Renseneb | 1777 BC (4 months) | |
| Awibre Hor I | 1777–1775 BC (1 year and 6 months) | |
| Sekhemre-Khutawy Khabau | 1775–1772 BC (3 years) | Known by his Horus name. |
| …kare Djedkheperu | 1772–1770 BC (2 years) | Known by his Horus name. |
| Seb | Hypothetical pharaoh proposed by Ryholt as father of Kay.[1] | |
| Kay | Full nomen could be considered Sebkay and he might be identical to pharaoh Senebkay of the Abydos Dynasty. | |
| Sedjefakare Amenemhat VII | ||
| Khutawyre Wegaf | ||
| Userkare Khendjer | c. 1765 BC (at least 4 years and 3 months) | Semitic pharaoh, built an unfinished pyramid at Saqqara. |
| Smenkhkare Imyremeshau | Reign started 1759 BC or 1711 BC (less than 10 years) | Attested by two colossal statues |
| Sehotepkare Intef IV | Less than 10 years | |
| Meribre Set | Reign ended 1749 BC | Less than 5 years |
| Sekhemre-Sewadjtawy Sobekhotep III | 1755–1751 BC (4 years and 2 months) | |
| Khasekhemre Neferhotep I | 1751–1740 BC (11 years) | |
| Menwadjre Sihathor | c. 1740 BC | Ephemeral coregent with his brother Neferhotep I, may not have reigned independently. |
| Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV | 1740–1730 BC (10-11 years) | |
| Merhotepre Sobekhotep V | c. 1730 BC | |
| Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI | c. 1725 BC (4 years, 8 months and 29 days) | |
| Wahibre Ibiau | c. 1720 BC (10 years and 8 months) | |
| Merneferre Ay | 23 years, 8 months and 18 days | Longest reigning king of the dynasty |
| Merhotepre Ini II | 2 years, 3 or 4 months and 9 days | Possibly a son of his predecessor |
| Seankhenre-Sewadjtu | 1675–1672 BC (3 years and 2–4 months) | |
| Mersekhemre Ined | 1672–1669 BC (3 years) | According to Von Beckerath identical to Neferhotep II.[2] |
| Sewadjkare Hori | 1669-1664 BC (5 years) | |
| Merkaure Sobekhotep VII | 1664–1663 BC (2 years and 6 months) | |
| Unknown | Some time between 1663 BC and 1649 BC | 6 kings lost in a lacuna of the Turin canon |
| Mer…re | Between 1663 BC and 1649 BC | Restored as "Mersekhemre Neferhotep II" by Ryholt.[1] Alternatively, might be "Mershepsesre Ini III" instead. |
| Merkheperre | Between 1663 BC and 1649 BC | |
| Merkare | Between 1663 BC and 1649 BC | |
| Unknown | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | Name lost in the Turin canon |
| Sewadjare Mentuhotep V | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | |
| …mose | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | According to Von Beckerath identical to either Dedumose I or II.[3] |
| …maatre Ibi II | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | |
| …webenre Hor II | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | |
| Se…kare | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | |
| Seheqaenre Seankhptahi | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | |
| …re | Between 1663 and 1649 BC | Probably either "Sekhaenre" or "Sewahenre Senebmiu".[1] |
| Se…enre | Reign ended 1649 BC | Probably either "Sekhaenre" or "Sewahenre Senebmiu".[1] |
The position and/or inclusion of the following kings is uncertain:
| Name | Dates | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Mersekhemre Neferhotep II | Late 13th Dynasty[1] | Identified with "Mer…re" in Turin canon by Ryholt. According to Von Beckerath identical to Ined.[4] |
| Mershepsesre Ini III | Late 13th Dynasty[1] | Position uncertain. Might be "Mer…re" instead of Neferhotep II. |
| Sewahenre Senebmiu | Late 13th Dynasty[1] | Probably (pen)ultimate pharaoh of the dynasty. |
| Sekhaenre | Late 13th Dynasty[1] | Probably (pen)ultimate pharaoh of the dynasty. |
| Sekhemre-Khutawy Pantjeny | According to Von Beckerath identical to Sekhemre-Khutawy Khabau;[5] according to Ryholt and Baker a king of the Abydos Dynasty.[1][6] | |
| Menkhaure Snaaib | According to Ryholt a king of the Abydos Dynasty.[1] | |
| Djedhotepre Dedumose I | According to Ryholt a king of the 16th Dynasty.[1] | |
| Djedneferre Dedumose II | According to Ryholt a king of the 16th dynasty.[1] |
References[]
Bibliography[]
- Baker, D.D., 2008: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 - 1069 BC. Stacey International.
- Beckerath, J. von, 1964: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten. Glückstadt.
- Beckerath, J. von, 1999: Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen. MÄS 49, Philip Von Zabern, Mainz.
- Ryholt, K., 1997: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, Vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
| Preceded by: 12th Dynasty |
Second Intermediate Period 13th Dynasty |
Succeeded by: 15th, 16th and Abydos Dynasties |